A 491 tends to come with a specific feeling: you know more than this score suggests. For most students in this range, that feeling is accurate.
On the official AAMC percentile table, a 491 is in the 23rd percentile, which puts you 10 points below the national mean of 500.6. Percentile ranks come from the official AAMC percentile table in effect May 1, 2026 to April 30, 2027, based on all MCAT results from the 2023, 2024, and 2025 testing years combined (N = 305,494).
The gap between what you know and what you scored
Scores in the 490s are rarely pure content problems. Students here have usually studied for hundreds of hours and can explain most of the underlying science. The points leak somewhere else: answer choices that felt right but were not, passages that ate too much time, and the specific distractor patterns the AAMC builds into its questions.
That distinction matters because it changes what a retake should look like. If content were the problem, more content review would fix it. When trap recognition and execution are the problem, repeating the same prep tends to reproduce the same score.
Thinking about a retake from here
This is the most common range we see Retakers come from, and the framing we use is simple: a retake is a more informed first attempt. You have data your first attempt could not give you, starting with your section breakdown across C/P, CARS, B/B, and P/S.
Before deciding anything, look at where the points went. A 491 with one section dragging the total down is a targeted fix. A 491 spread evenly usually calls for a broader strategy change, especially around how you review wrong answers.
What to look at before you decide
Three questions are worth answering honestly. First, did your practice scores predict this result, or did test day surprise you? Second, which section cost you the most, and do you know why? Third, if you studied again, what specifically would you do differently?
If the answer to the third question is "study harder," pause. Effort was probably not your problem. Students who improve from this range usually change the review side of studying: what happens after a practice question goes wrong, not just how many questions they do.
Common questions about a 491
Is a 491 MCAT score good?
A 491 sits in the 23rd percentile on the official AAMC percentile table, meaning 23% of MCAT scores were equal to or lower. Whether it is "good" depends on your goals, your target programs, and the rest of your application.
What percentile is a 491 MCAT score?
On the AAMC percentile table in effect May 1, 2026 to April 30, 2027, a total score of 491 is in the 23rd percentile. That means 23% of scores were equal to or lower than 491.
Should I retake the MCAT with a 491?
A 491 is just below the national mean, and many students in this range choose to retake. The decision depends on your target programs and the rest of your application. If you do retake, the highest-leverage change is usually in how you review missed questions, since scores here often reflect trap recognition and execution rather than content gaps.
Explore nearby scores and next steps
Score context changes quickly on this part of the scale. Compare: is a 489 good? · is a 490 good? · is a 492 good? · is a 493 good?
Planning a retake from a 491? See what these jumps involve: 491 to 496 · 491 to 499 · 491 to 501
For a personalized read on your situation, the free Retaker Calculator is the place to start, and The Retaker Course is the full system when you are ready to build the plan.